Soil microbial activity and nutrients of evergreen broad-leaf forests in mid-subtropical region of China

To better understand the effects of forest suc-cession on soil microbial activity, a comparison of soil microbial properties and nutrients was conducted between three forest types representing a natura...     

太岳山油松人工林林下植被生物量影响因子分析

通过调查和分析油松林下植被物种组成特征及生物量,运用灰色关联分析、主成分分析和系统聚类方法,研究了各影响因子不同梯度水平下林下生物量所呈现的分布规律。结果显示:油松人工林林下草本生物量大于灌木生物量,草本层植被生物量为0.339 8~1.322 9 t·hm-2,灌木层生物量为0.018 1~0.289 2 t·hm-2;加权后的关联度与原始关联度排序大致相同,关联性最为密切的因子同为林分均高、林分胸径及林龄,但加权后各单因子关联度数值间差异性增加;以样地作为各单因子聚合的系统进行聚类,样地划分为4个类型,分类结果可反映林下生物量的分布格局。     

3种整地方式下尾巨桉林分生物量动态及其与土壤水分的关系

对3种整地方式下的尾巨桉林分生长和林地土壤水分进行了监测,通过分析各林地的林分单株平均生物量及林地土壤水分的变化,探讨二者的相互关系,以期为合理评估整地对尾巨桉林分生长和水分利用效率的影响提供科学依据。研究结果表明：随着林龄的增长,3种整地方式下尾巨桉林分单株总生物量和各器官生物量均呈增加趋势,其树干和树根所占比例逐渐增加,而树枝和树叶所占比例呈减小趋势。在幼龄期(16个月之前),全垦条件下的尾巨桉林分生长量最大,18个月后带垦的林分生长量最大;3种整地方式下的尾巨桉林地土壤水分的季节变化格局相似,与天然降水分布基本保持一致。3种整地方式中穴垦尾巨桉林地土壤有较高含水率且显著大于全垦和带垦的(P<0.05),全垦与带垦之间差异不显著;3种整地方式下尾巨桉林分单株平均生物量与耗水量之间均呈显著正相关,利用3块林分单株平均生长量及对应时间的耗水量得到了尾巨桉林分单株生长量与林分耗水量的拟合方程。     

樟子松人工林生物量模型的研究

以不同年龄、不同密度的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)人工林为研究对象,基于8块标准地40株标准木的树干解析、枝解析的生物量数据,通过比较分析,研究不同大小树木因子(胸径、树高、冠幅等)与单木各分量(树干、枝、叶)生物量之间的关系,应用统计分析软件建立樟子松单木各部分生物量的回归模...     

文县杨个体生物量生长规律研究

采用标准木法对文县杨地上部分生物量进行了调查,分析了地上部分各器官生物量与株高、胸径的相关关系,结果表明:文县杨地上部分生物量各器官的比例为树干56.12%、干皮7.8%、叶9.5%、枝21.4%、枝皮5.2%,其大小顺序依次为树干＞枝＞叶＞干皮＞枝皮;地上部分质量、树干质量、树皮质量、叶质量、枝质量等与株高和胸径均呈...     

浅埋滴灌水氮运筹对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

采用二因素二次饱和D-最优设计，于2016-2017年在辽西半干旱区移动遮雨棚内进行了水氮精量控制试验，设灌溉量和施氮量2个因素，灌溉量分别设145.4、271.7、348.2、436.2 mm 4个水平，施氮量分别设0、84.6、136.1、195.0 kg·hm^-2 4个水平，共6个处理。试验分析了水氮交互作用对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响，建立了产量回归模型。研究结果表明：浅埋滴灌条件下，灌溉量在145.4~350.5 mm时，春玉米产量随灌溉量的增加而增高至11 005.60 kg·hm^-2；灌溉量在350.5~436.2 mm时，产量随灌溉量的增加而降低至10 730.09 kg·hm^-2；施氮量在0~146.9 kg·hm^-2时，产量随施氮量的增加而增高至10 983.19 kg·hm^-2，施氮量在146.9~195.0 kg·hm^-2时，产量随施氮量的增加而降低至10 862.39 kg·hm^-2。灌溉量因素的影响大于施氮量，水氮之间有明显的正向交互效应，当灌溉量为373.1 mm，施氮量为165.6 kg·hm^-2时产量最高。作物耗水量在拔节-抽雄期和灌浆-收获期较大，分别为115.64、127.50 mm；水分利用效率随灌溉量的增加呈逐渐降低趋势，降低幅度达到52.21%，随着施氮量的增加则呈先升高后降低趋势，增幅为14.73%~20.08%；其中处理6（灌溉量348.2 mm，施氮量195.0 kg·hm^-2)最利于水分利用效率的提高。综合产量和水分利用效率两方面的因素，初步建立了春玉米浅埋滴灌水氮施用优化模式，参数组合为灌溉量348.2 mm、施氮量165.6 kg·hm^-2。     

基于无人机高光谱影像的玉米地上生物量反演

【目的】研究以玉米地上干生物量为研究对象,探讨基于无人机高光谱数据利用人工神经网络法反演生物量的可行性。【方法】在吉林省蔡家镇开展玉米氮肥梯度试验,并进行无人机高光谱数据和地上干生物量获取,共获数据30组。随机选22组数据用于建模,剩下8组用于模型的外部验证。分别基于光谱指数法和BP神经网络算法构建反演模型,比较分析各种方法反演玉米生物量的优劣。【结果】结果表明：和基于光谱指数构建的生物量反演模型相比,BP神经网络模型取得了更好的反演结果。其建模时决定系数为0.99均方根误差为0.08 t/ha,相对均方根误差为3.39%；外部验证时,决定系数为0.99,均方根误差为0.15 t/ha,相对均方根误差为8.56%。【结论】BP神经网络模型可有效提高无人机高光谱遥感反演玉米地上生物量的精度。     

Effect of the particle size on the ammonia removal rate and the bacterial community composition of bioflocs

The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiency and bacterial community composition of bioflocs with <50-μm particle size, > 50-μm particle size and un-sieved bioflocs were investigated in the current study. The initial ratio of dissolved organic carbon to TAN (DOC/TAN) in the three groups were about 14:1. No significant difference was found in the removal rate of TAN, average concentrations of TAN and nitrite nitrogen among the three groups (P > 0.05). The C/N (w/w) ratio of the > 50-μm bioflocs was significantly higher than those of the other groups. No significant differences were found in the crude protein content in the bioflocs among the three groups. The development of the bacterial community compositions of the bioflocs was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses. Most OTUs were shared among the three groups at all the sampled time points. With the increase in the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, that of phylum Proteobacteria, Chorolexi, and Bacteroidetes decreased in all the three groups. The phylum Firmicutes and genus Bacillus were predominant in all the sampled time points. At the end of the experiment, genus Bacillus accounted for 81% in the < 50-μm group, 82% in the > 50-μm group, and 75% in the un-sieved group.     

The role of dietary methionine concentrations on growth,metabolism and N‐retention in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) at elevated water temperatures

This study determined impacts of dietary methionine concentrations at two temperatures on growth, feeding efficiency and N‐metabolites in juvenile cobia. Methionine concentrations of the experimental diets were deficient (M9; 9 g/kg), sufficient (M12; 12 g/kg) and surplus (M16, 16 g/kg). Water temperature was normal (30°C) or elevated (34°C). Twenty cobia in triplicate tanks were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks. Both methionine and temperature affected cobia's growth and feeding efficiency. Cobia fed M9 performed lower than the fish fed M12 and M16 diets. Additionally, cobia reared at 34°C performed poorer than at 30°C, probably due to lower voluntary feed intake in the fish reared at 34°C. Protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value in cobia fed M9 diet were less than M12 or M16 diets. This was confirmed with the improved retentions of indispensable amino acids (AAs). No interactions between methionine and temperature were observed in growth and protein accretion. At 30°C, CF improved, while HSI and VSI declined upon methionine supplementation levels. Of which an interaction between temperature and methionine was present. Plasma, muscle and liver free AA and N‐metabolites were affected by methionine and temperature. Furthermore, temperature affected cobia's lipid class composition, resulting in increased phospholipids and cholesterol at 34°C.